This article explores the nexus between energy sovereignty and resource geopolitics in the 21st century. It argues that sovereignty must be redefined from self-sufficiency to resilient control over supply chains, generation technologies, and strategic resources. With the European Union’s Green Deal creating new forms of dependency, particularly on Chinese critical minerals, and with energy shocks reshaping global alignments, Central Europe, and Hungary in particular, illustrates the dilemmas of mid-sized powers caught between ideology and pragmatism. Hungary’s conservative approach emphasizes nuclear energy, solar expansion, geothermal heating, and partnerships with Turkic states, especially Azerbaijan, as a path to sustainable sovereignty. The article concludes that energy policy is inseparable from geopolitics: the future of sovereignty will be determined not by borders alone, but by control over pipelines, grids, and critical mineral supply chains.