Diaspora Policies within the Organization of Turkic States: Opportunities for Strategic Engagement

This study evaluates the diaspora engagement policies of Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Türkiye, and Uzbekistan using F. Ragazzi’s multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) to compare legislative frameworks, institutions, and the intensity of engagement. The analysis identifies distinct policy profiles aligned with five ideal types (expatriate state, closed state, global-nation state, managed labour state, indifferent state) and maps each Organization of Turkic States (OTS) member to the nearest cluster. Türkiye and Azerbaijan exhibit global-nation features, with strong cultural and lobbying toolkits; Uzbekistan aligns with managed labour, prioritising economic integration and skills transfer; Kyrgyzstan approximates the indifferent type, given weak extraterritorial infrastructure; and Kazakhstan blends features of global-nation, expatriate, and indifferent profiles, reflecting institutional gaps alongside active symbolic politics. We highlight practical “windows of opportunity” for OTS-level coordination: a shared “Turkic diaspora” label, joint cultural and education programmes, and an annual OTS Diaspora Policy Summit evolving into a World Turkic Congress. These measures would enhance soft-power reach, reduce duplication, and convert dispersed initiatives into a coherent, outcome-oriented agenda.

Authors: Aidar Kurmashev, Amina Urpekova, Amirbek Alibi and Houman Sadri
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